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Clinical progress note: Mumps

Sarah Ludvigsen1, Mati Segev2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Journal of Hospital Medicine
|July 10, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Mumps outbreaks are increasing despite the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Further research is needed on a third MMR vaccine dose for adults to inform public health guidelines.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Mumps was a prevalent childhood illness before the 1967 measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination.
  • The postvaccine era saw a significant decline in mumps cases.
  • Recent decades have observed a resurgence of mumps outbreaks in the United States.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and complications associated with mumps.
  • To emphasize the importance of early recognition and infection control in managing mumps outbreaks.
  • To identify the need for further research to update public health guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical mumps incidence data pre- and post-MMR vaccination.
  • Analysis of trends in mumps outbreaks over the past two decades in the US.
  • Assessment of clinical recognition and management strategies for mumps complications.

Main Results:

  • Mumps cases dramatically decreased after MMR vaccine introduction.
  • An increasing trend of mumps outbreaks has been noted in the US in the last 20 years.
  • Mumps complications can necessitate hospitalization and require prompt diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and robust infection control are critical for mumps outbreak management.
  • Existing public health strategies may require updates.
  • Further studies are essential, particularly regarding the effectiveness of a third MMR vaccine dose in adults.

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