Immunometabolic Reprogramming of Fibroblastic Reticular Cells in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment

Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), as core stromal cells in secondary lymphoid tissues and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), undergo significant immunometabolic reprogramming, which regulates antitumor immune responses. This structured narrative review summarizes the immunometabolic reprogramming of FRCs across various cancers, emphasizing glucose metabolism, lipid remodeling, and amino acid metabolism in lung cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, lymphoma, head and neck tumors, and melanoma. Under hypoxia, nutrient stress, and inflammatory stimulation, FRCs enhance glycolysis, alter fatty acid synthesis/oxidation, and disrupt amino acid metabolism, leading to immunosuppressive metabolite secretion, cytokine profile changes, and the formation of immune niches. Understanding these cancer-specific molecular mechanisms can inform targeted immunometabolic therapies.