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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct microscopic...
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
07:45

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

Pyridinyl-Based Proton Exchange Membranes With Enhanced Proton Conductivity and Dimensional Stability.

Bholanath Ghanti1, Susanta Banerjee1, Seema Agarwal2

  • 1Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Developing new fluorine-free proton exchange membranes (PEMs) is crucial for sustainable energy. Pyridinyl-based copolymers show promise, balancing conductivity and stability for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).

Keywords:
dimensional stabilityfluorine‐freeproton conductivityproton exchange membranepyridinyl

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Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
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Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
07:45

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
07:55

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are vital for sustainable energy due to high efficiency and zero emissions.
  • Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA)-based membranes face challenges including high cost, limited thermal stability, and environmental concerns.
  • Developing fluorine-free alternatives is essential, but balancing proton conductivity and dimensional stability remains a key hurdle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel fluorine-free proton exchange membranes.
  • To investigate pyridinyl-based sulfonated polymers for PEMFC applications.
  • To address the trade-off between proton conductivity and dimensional stability in next-generation PEMs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two series of fluorine-free membranes: polytriazoles (ODPYSH-XX) and poly(sulfone triazole)s (SOPYSH-XX).
  • Utilized Cu-catalyzed click copolymerization with high degrees of sulfonation (DS = 80 and 90).
  • Evaluated thermal, mechanical, dimensional stability, proton conductivity, and oxidative stability (Fenton's test).

Main Results:

  • Both ODPYSH-XX and SOPYSH-XX membrane series demonstrated excellent thermal, mechanical, and dimensional stability.
  • The SOPYSH-90 membrane achieved a high proton conductivity of 195 mS cm- 1 at 80°C under fully hydrated conditions.
  • SOPYSH-90 exhibited good oxidative stability, lasting 13 hours in Fenton's test.

Conclusions:

  • Pyridinyl-based copolymer membranes offer a viable fluorine-free alternative to PFSA membranes.
  • These novel membranes effectively balance proton conductivity and stability for PEMFC applications.
  • The developed membranes represent a promising advancement for next-generation proton exchange membranes.