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Exploring the evolution of maturation time via strong competition model with stage structure.
Jian Fang1,2, Yifei Li2, Ming Xu3
1Institute for Advanced Studies in Mathematics and School of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.
Journal of Mathematical Biology
|July 10, 2026
Summary
Maturation time influences species competition dynamics. An optimal maturation time can be an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), potentially decreasing with increased mortality or spatial variation.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary biology
- Ecological dynamics
- Population modeling
Background:
- Describing adaptive dynamics influenced by maturation time is complex.
- Maturation time is a key quantitative trait in species interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a stage-structured model for two-species competition.
- To analyze the impact of maturation time on population dynamics and competition outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Utilized monotone dynamical system theories to analyze bistable dynamics.
- Employed numerical simulations to explore the relationship between maturation time and competition outcomes.
- Investigated the role of pulsating waves in population spread.
Main Results:
- Identified conditions for the existence of bistable dynamics and pulsating waves.
- Demonstrated an inverse relationship between maturation time and competitiveness.
- Showed that increased adult mortality or spatial heterogeneity can favor shorter maturation times for ESS.
Conclusions:
- An optimal maturation time can emerge as an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS).
- Environmental pressures like mortality and spatial heterogeneity can drive the evolution of maturation time.
- The study provides insights into adaptive strategies in competing species.
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