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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
Magnetic Fields01:28

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Antiferroaxial Altermagnetism.

Yichen Liu1, Cheng-Cheng Liu1

  • 1Beijing Institute of Technology, Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing 100081, China.

Physical Review Letters
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Antiferroaxial altermagnetism, a new multiferroic mechanism, uses counterrotating distortions to control magnetism. This discovery offers a universal ferroic control knob for programmable altermagnetic spintronics.

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • The antiferroaxial state is an emerging ferroic order.
  • Altermagnetism is a time-reversal-odd phenomenon with potential spintronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish antiferroaxial altermagnetism as a generic multiferroic mechanism.
  • To identify the coupling between antiferroaxial order, Néel vector, and altermagnetic order.
  • To provide a framework for controlling altermagnetism via antiferroaxial distortions.

Main Methods:

  • Unified Landau-theory and symmetry analysis.
  • Identification of a trilinear invariant coupling.
  • Spin-group dictionary for mapping Néel-vector representations.
  • Validation using ligand-rotation tight-binding models and first-principles calculations.

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Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
09:06

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Published on: March 24, 2019

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

  • Materials screening using MAGNDATA and C2DB databases.

    • Main Results:

    • Antiferroaxial counterrotating distortions induce and switch altermagnetism.
    • A symmetry-allowed trilinear invariant couples antiferroaxial order, Néel vector, and altermagnetic order.
    • Reversing antiferroaxial order reverses spin splitting and time-reversal-odd responses (e.g., anomalous Hall conductivity).
    • Identified d-, g-, and i-wave antiferroaxial altermagnetism.
    • Numerous candidate materials were identified.

    Conclusions:

    • Antiferroaxial altermagnetism is a broadly prevalent, microscopically grounded multiferroic mechanism.
    • Antiferroaxiality serves as a universal ferroic control knob for structurally programmable altermagnetic spintronics.