Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Resonance02:52

Resonance

The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems01:18

Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems

The inscribed polygon method is consistent with Hückel’s 4n + 2 rule and helps to learn whether the given cyclic compound is aromatic or not. The compound is stable and aromatic if every bonding molecular orbital (MO) is completely filled with a pair of electrons. However, if the non-bonding or antibonding orbitals are filled with electrons, the compound is unstable and not aromatic. Consider the Frost circle diagrams for cycloalkenes containing 4 to 8 carbons.
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction00:59

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol in Water With Cobalt-Exchanged Zeolite-NaY Catalyst.

ChemPlusChem·2026
Same author

Planar Pentacoordinate Nitrogen with Activated N─N Bond.

Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry·2026
Same author

Electronic Structure of All-Metal Neutral M<sub>4</sub> (M = Al, Ga, In) Rings: Aromaticity and Spin-Avoided σ-σ Diradical Character.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026
Same author

Formulation of a Modified <i>Aloe vera</i>-Based Emulgel for Sustained Release of Methotrexate: Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Approaches.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Ligand-induced release of HNO/NO<sup>-</sup> from a cobalt(II)-nitrosyl complex.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Theoretical Prediction of Strong Be-B and Be-Al Bonds in [FBeER<sub>3</sub>]<sup>-</sup> (E = B, Al; R = H, CH<sub>3</sub>, Ph) Adducts: Dative or Covalent Bonding?

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
07:20

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

Double Möbius Aromaticity in the Oxo-Platinum Complex.

Amit Das1, Palash J Thakuria1, Ankur K Guha1

  • 1Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India.

Inorganic Chemistry
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a unique oxo-platinum complex exhibiting double aromaticity. Its electronic structure confirms both Hückel and Möbius aromatic properties, challenging traditional rules.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
07:20

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • * Theoretical and computational chemistry
  • * Inorganic chemistry
  • * Materials science

Background:

  • * Möbius annulenes, defying Hückel's rule, were theoretically predicted to possess unique aromaticity.
  • * Aromaticity in 4n electronic systems is typically antiaromatic, but can be Möbius aromatic with phase inversion.
  • * Predicting Möbius aromatic compounds has been a focus of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To analyze the electronic structure of the experimentally detected oxo-platinum complex [PtO2-H2O].
  • * To investigate the aromatic character and topological properties of the complex.
  • * To confirm the presence of both Hückel and Möbius aromaticity.

Main Methods:

  • * Electronic structure analysis.
  • * Magnetic property studies.
  • * Computational modeling of the platinum complex.

Main Results:

  • * The oxo-platinum complex [PtO2-H2O] contains both 4n σ and π electronic systems.
  • * The three-membered PtO2 ring exhibits doubly aromatic characteristics.
  • * The study confirms both Hückel and Möbius topologies within the ring.

Conclusions:

  • * The analyzed oxo-platinum complex demonstrates a rare combination of Hückel and Möbius aromaticity.
  • * This finding validates theoretical predictions and expands the understanding of aromaticity in inorganic complexes.
  • * The electronic and magnetic properties confirm the complex's significant aromatic character.