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Related Concept Videos

The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Inner Helmholtz Plane Engineering via In Situ Electrolyte Polymerization to Enhance the Lithium Metal Anode

Yechen Si1, Ming Zhang1, Jintian Wu2

  • 1School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.

ACS Nano
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Engineers stabilized lithium metal anodes by creating an anion-rich inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) using in situ electrolyte polymerization. This strategy promotes a stable, anion-derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), enhancing battery performance and longevity.

Keywords:
anion-derived SEIin situ polymerizationinner Helmholtz planeinterphaselithium metal anode

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Interfacial instability of lithium metal anodes is a major obstacle for practical lithium metal batteries.
  • Current electrolytes feature an inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) with limited anions and abundant solvent molecules, hindering stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation.
  • Anion-rich IHP engineering is a promising but underexplored strategy for lithium metal anode stabilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an in situ polymerization strategy for engineering an anion-rich IHP.
  • To investigate the impact of this engineered IHP on SEI formation and stability.
  • To evaluate the electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries utilizing this strategy.

Main Methods:

  • In situ polymerization of liquid electrolyte (LE) using pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETEA) to anchor PF6- anions in the IHP.
  • Experimental characterizations (e.g., electrochemical analysis) and theoretical simulations.
  • Fabrication and testing of Li||Li symmetric cells and Li||NCM811 full cells.

Main Results:

  • The PETEA-based electrolyte (SPE) system successfully created an anion-rich IHP, biasing interfacial reactions towards anion involvement.
  • A spatially continuous and LiF-rich SEI was formed, exhibiting enhanced resistance to dissolution compared to LE.
  • The SPE system maintained a stable, anion-rich IHP even under electric fields, reducing solvent accessibility.
  • Li||Li symmetric cells achieved over 1700 hours of stable cycling.
  • Li||NCM811 full cells demonstrated >80% capacity retention after 600 cycles and >99.9% average Coulombic efficiency after 2000 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • In situ polymerization-derived IHP modulation is an effective strategy for enhancing lithium metal anode stability.
  • The anion-rich IHP promotes the formation of a robust, anion-derived SEI, crucial for battery longevity.
  • This approach offers a promising pathway for developing high-performance semisolid-state lithium metal batteries.