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Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors
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Associations between the residential food environment and diet: The Generation R Study.

Holly A Harris1, Famke J M Mölenberg2, Wilma Jansen3

  • 1Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Appetite
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Neighbourhood food environments had weak links to children's diets. A healthier environment correlated with poorer diet quality, and fast-food outlet density showed mixed results, suggesting socioeconomic status may play a role.

Keywords:
ChildDiet qualityFast-food exposureGeographic information systems (GIS)Neighbourhood food environmentNon-core foodSocioeconomic status

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health Nutrition
  • Environmental Health
  • Childhood Obesity Research

Background:

  • The neighbourhood food environment influences children's dietary habits, but existing evidence on its impact is inconsistent.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for developing effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between residential food environment characteristics and dietary outcomes in 8-year-old Dutch children.
  • To examine if maternal education, as a proxy for socioeconomic status, moderates these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 3739 children in the Rotterdam-based Generation R Study.
  • Assessed food environment using GIS-based measures (fast-food outlet density, food environment healthiness score) within 400m of residence.
  • Analyzed dietary outcomes (diet quality score, non-core food/drink intake) via parent-reported Food Frequency Questionnaire and generalized linear models.

Main Results:

  • A healthier neighbourhood food environment score was unexpectedly linked to poorer child diet quality.
  • Higher absolute fast-food outlet density was associated with better diet quality, but only in children of higher-educated mothers.
  • No significant associations were found for relative fast-food outlet density or non-core food/drink intake with food environment exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Neighbourhood food environments demonstrated weak and inconsistent associations with child diet quality in the urban Dutch setting.
  • Household socioeconomic status, indicated by maternal education, may moderate the impact of the food environment on children's diets.
  • Future research and interventions should adopt multidimensional approaches, considering family resources and cultural context to promote healthy eating in children.