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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
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A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

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CARDIAC FINDINGS IN SWIMMING-INDUCED PULMONARY EDEMA - IMPLICATIONS FOR ACUTE ASSESSMENT.

Claudia Seiler1, Miro Torola2, Ulrika Knuts3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Falun Hospital, Falun, Sweden; Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

Chest
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) can cause temporary cardiac dysfunction and elevated biomarkers. This study characterizes these cardiac findings in SIPE patients, offering a reference for expected results.

Keywords:
EchocardiographyNT-proBNPSIPETroponin Ielectrocardiographyswimmingswimming-induced pulmonary edemaultrasonography

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is associated with pathological cardiac findings in case reports.
  • Understanding these cardiac effects is crucial for managing SIPE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize cardiac findings in patients diagnosed with SIPE.
  • To establish a reference for expected cardiac results in SIPE cases.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study compared SIPE patients (n=45) with asymptomatic swimmers (controls, n=45).
  • Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), ECG, and cardiac biomarkers were assessed post-swim and at follow-up.
  • Assessments included systolic ventricular function, pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac troponin I, and NT-proBNP.

Main Results:

  • Mildly impaired systolic ventricular function on TTE was observed in 43% of SIPE patients versus 10% of controls (p=0.003).
  • Elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure occurred in 30% of SIPE patients (p=0.005).
  • Elevated cardiac troponin I and NT-proBNP were significantly higher in SIPE patients compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with SIPE commonly exhibit transient, mildly affected cardiac function on TTE and moderate elevations in cardiac biomarkers.
  • ECG findings did not significantly differ between SIPE patients and controls.
  • This study provides a valuable reference for cardiac findings associated with SIPE.