Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is critical—it...
Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create ettringite,...
Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in ASTM C...
Setting Time of Cement01:12

Setting Time of Cement

The setting time of cement refers to the process of cement paste transitioning from a plastic state to a solid state. This process is crucial in construction as it dictates the timeframe for concrete placement, compaction, and finishing. The onset of this solidification is termed the initial set, indicating when the paste becomes unworkable. The final set is when the paste has solidified completely, and further handling or manipulation can no longer affect its shape. The cement strength is...
Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...
Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

The Small-Area Global Elections (SAGE) Dataset.

Scientific data·2026
Same journal

Key soil attributes and land-management dataset for Australian agroecosystems linking baseline and resampling surveys.

Scientific data·2026
Same journal

ERDES: A Benchmark Video Dataset for Retinal Detachment and Macular Status Classification in Ocular Ultrasound.

Scientific data·2026
Same journal

A 2010-2024 continuous GNSS dataset for Taiwan.

Scientific data·2026
Same journal

VITAGRAPH: building a knowledge graph for biologically relevant learning tasks.

Scientific data·2026
Same journal

Sea-level rise projections tailored for spatial adaptation planning in the U.S.

Scientific data·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way
07:42

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way

Published on: November 21, 2017

Experimental study on cement paste using the ultrasonic pulse transmission method.

Jakob Harden1

  • 1Graz University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering Sciences, Institute of Technology and Testing of Construction Materials, Graz, Austria. jakob.harden@tugraz.at.

Scientific Data
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated cement paste hydration using ultrasonic waves. Results show how water-to-cement ratio and specimen size affect mechanical properties during hardening.

More Related Videos

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence
06:27

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence

Published on: September 23, 2018

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)
08:59

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)

Published on: December 16, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way
07:42

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way

Published on: November 21, 2017

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence
06:27

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence

Published on: September 23, 2018

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)
08:59

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)

Published on: December 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Cement paste, a hydraulic binder, forms concrete's hardened matrix.
  • Cement hardening occurs via an exothermic chemical process called hydration.
  • Hydration progress and mechanical property development are influenced by composition and temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of water-to-cement ratio and specimen size on cement paste hydration.
  • To analyze the development of mechanical properties during cement hydration.
  • To provide comprehensive datasets for further research.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study on ordinary Portland cement paste.
  • Ultrasonic pulse transmission method with combined compression and shear-wave measurements.
  • Density and temperature measurements before, during, and after ultrasonic tests.
  • Specimens up to 1.5 litres were examined.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasonic measurements provided insights into hydration progress.
  • Variations in water-to-cement ratio and specimen size affected material properties.
  • Density and temperature data correlated with ultrasonic wave propagation.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterized cement paste hydration under varying conditions.
  • Ultrasonic testing is a viable method for monitoring cement hydration and mechanical property development.
  • The compiled datasets offer valuable resources for the scientific community.