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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

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Related Experiment Videos

PregMedNet: Multifaceted maternal medication impacts on neonatal complications.

Yeasul Kim1,2,3, Ivana Marić4, Chloe M Kashiwagi5,4,6

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. ykim824@stanford.edu.

Nature Communications
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces PregMedNet, a platform analyzing maternal medication safety during pregnancy. It identifies drug-related risks to newborns using nationwide data and machine learning, enhancing perinatal care.

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal pharmacology
  • Computational epidemiology
  • Drug safety science

Background:

  • Medication use during pregnancy is common, yet safety data is limited due to ethical and practical challenges in studying pregnant populations.
  • Digitized healthcare data and advanced computational methods now enable large-scale retrospective drug safety evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present PregMedNet, a platform for characterizing maternal medication associations with neonatal outcomes.
  • To systematically analyze drug-disease pairs, medications, and neonatal outcomes using nationwide claims data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nationwide claims data and an advanced machine learning pipeline for analysis.
  • Covered over 27,000 drug-disease pairs, 1,152 medications, and 24 neonatal outcomes.
  • Employed graph learning to explore potential biological mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Characterized multifaceted maternal medication associations with neonatal outcomes.
  • Identified known and novel odds ratios (ORs), adjusted ORs, and drug-drug interactions.
  • One identified association was corroborated by in vivo experiments, validating the platform's findings.

Conclusions:

  • PregMedNet provides extensive, multifaceted drug safety information for a previously underrepresented population.
  • The platform demonstrates the utility of claims data and machine learning in perinatal medication safety research.
  • Findings are expected to advance maternal medication safety and improve neonatal outcomes.