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SLIC-Former: a superpixel-guided transformer framework for automatic liver segmentation in CT images.

Sarah F Elqersh1,2, Amira Y Haikal3, Mahmoud M Saafan3

  • 1Department of Computers and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt. sarahelqersh174@std.mans.edu.eg.

Scientific Reports
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
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This study introduces SLIC-Former, a novel transformer framework for precise liver segmentation in computed tomography (CT) scans. The method enhances accuracy and efficiency by using superpixels, improving anatomical boundary adherence.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Accurate liver segmentation in CT scans is challenging due to irregular organ shape and similar adjacent tissue appearance.
  • Existing methods struggle with efficiency and precision in abdominal CT image analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an accurate and efficient automatic liver segmentation framework for abdominal CT scans.
  • To introduce SLIC-Former, a superpixel-guided transformer model for improved segmentation.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed SLIC-Former, a framework utilizing Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) for superpixel generation.
  • Replaced fixed image patches with adaptive superpixels to align with anatomical boundaries and reduce computation.
  • Evaluated on the Liver Tumor Segmentation (LiTS) dataset.
Keywords:
Computed Tomography (CT)Deep learningLiver segmentationMedical image analysisSuperpixels (SLIC)Vision transformers

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Main Results:

  • Achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.93, an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.87, and a Volumetric Overlap Error (VOE) of 13.5%.
  • Demonstrated high overlap with expert annotations and produced smooth, coherent liver masks.
  • SLIC-Former proved computationally efficient compared to traditional patch-based methods.

Conclusions:

  • SLIC-Former provides an accurate and efficient tool for automatic liver segmentation in CT images.
  • The superpixel-guided approach offers a promising foundation for segmenting other organs and enhancing clinical decision support systems.