Market-adaptive techno-economic and business management optimization of a renewable poly-generation hub for power,...

This study develops an integrated techno-economic-environmental optimization framework for a renewable poly-generation hub designed to supply electricity, green hydrogen, oxygen, and desalinated water under dynamic market conditions. The system combines photovoltaic panels, a biogas generator, an electrolyzer, hydrogen storage, a fuel cell, reverse osmosis desalination, and grid exchange within a revenue-oriented energy management strategy that directs surplus electricity to the most profitable use. The methodology links component-level modeling, operational dispatch, NSGA-II based multi-objective optimization, and fuzzy decision-making to determine a compromise optimal design. Applied to Jubail, Saudi Arabia, the optimized configuration achieves zero loss of power supply probability, a renewable fraction of 74.84%, a system efficiency of 60.15%, and complete utilization of excess energy. Annual outputs reach 178,304.59 kg/year of hydrogen, 1,426.44 tons/year of oxygen, and 105,603.13 m3/year of freshwater. Economically, the system delivers a net present cost of $12.15 million, a levelized electricity cost of $0.0614/kWh, a hydrogen cost of $2.53/kg, and a water cost of $0.84/m³. Low life-cycle emissions and employment benefits further demonstrate its practical value for industrial decarbonization and integrated resource management under market-responsive operating conditions.