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Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

Overview
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e
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Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e

Published on: February 17, 2023

Engineered ADARs enable precision A-to-G base editing of DNA.

Hyeon Woo Im1, Bada Jeong1, Yeji Lee2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Nature Biotechnology
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a precise adenine base editor (ABE) for accurate A-to-G editing. This new tool, snuABE, overcomes bystander conversions, offering a safer base-editing technology for potential therapeutic applications.

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Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors

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Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e
07:31

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Published on: February 17, 2023

Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors
09:22

Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors

Published on: February 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Editing Technologies
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Adenine base editors (ABEs) facilitate A•T-to-G•C conversions, showing therapeutic promise.
  • Conventional ABEs exhibit bystander nucleotide conversions, limiting precise genome editing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a single-nucleotide resolution ABE (snuABE) for highly specific A-to-G base editing.
  • To engineer an improved deaminase for enhanced ABE activity and specificity.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed snuABE by fusing nickase Cas9 (nCas9-H840A) with the ADAR deaminase domain.
  • Utilized a target-adenine guide RNA (tagRNA) to direct editing.
  • Employed in silico protein evolution (EvolvePro) to engineer ADAR and 3'-end protected tagRNA.

Main Results:

  • Achieved median A-to-G editing efficiency of 5.4% and maximum efficiency of 50.0% across 32 targets in HEK293T cells.
  • Demonstrated no detectable DNA off-target editing at predicted off-target or R-loop sites.
  • ADAR deaminase domain acts on DNA:RNA hybrids, unlike TadA in conventional ABEs.

Conclusions:

  • snuABE provides a precise and safe base-editing technology by minimizing bystander conversions.
  • Engineered ADAR and tagRNA significantly enhanced snuABE activity and specificity.
  • snuABE holds potential for precise therapeutic genome editing applications.