Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 12, 2026
Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
Published on: September 26, 2018
Non-laboratory-based cardiovascular risk assessment: 10-year absolute risk, predicted heart age and intervention
Oluseyi Adegoke1,2, Oluwadamilola Omolara Ojo3,4, Ayesha Akinkugbe3,4
1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria. oadegoke@unilag.edu.ng.
Background:
Population-based data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk burden are essential for effective planning of CVD reduction strategies. There is paucity of such data in Nigerians. We aimed to determine the 10-year absolute CVD risk and heart age profile of adult Nigerians; to identify the most frequent absolute CVD risk-determining factors and the required treatment interventions.
Methods:
This was a secondary analysis of data of 3620 adults aged 30-80 years (51% females) from a population-based cross-sectional hypertension survey in Lagos, Nigeria. A non-laboratory-based CVD risk-assessment framework was used to estimate the 10-year absolute CVD risk and predict the heart age profiles. The WHO PEN was used to identify the treatment intervention requirements.
Results:
A total of 316 (8.7%) persons, 218 (12.3%) of males and 98 (5.3%) of females had a 10-year absolute CVD risk ≥ 20%, p < 0.0001. Elevated systolic BP (918 (25.4%)) and excess BMI ((overweight: 1072 (29.6%), obesity: 638 (17.6%)) were the most frequent absolute CVD risk determining factors in the population. Excess BMI occurred more frequently in females (p < 0.0001) while the frequency of elevated systolic BP was similar in both sexes (p = 0.091). High excess heart age (EHA) (≥ 5 years) was present in 1531(42.3%) persons; 798 (45.0%) of males and 733 (39.7%) of females, p < 0.0001. Only 521(14.4%) of the total population needed any treatment intervention, compared to 269 (85.1%) of persons with absolute CVD risk ≥ 20%, and 469 (30.6%) with high EHA. Antihypertensive treatment alone (n = 149 (47.2%)) or in combination with statin and aspirin (n = 85 (26.9%)) were the most frequently required interventions in individuals with CVD risk ≥ 20%.
Conclusion:
A significant proportion of our population has high CVD risk. Strategic policies promoting healthy lifestyles, strengthening the health system for focused risk-based screening, and prioritization of treatment interventions could help lower this risk.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
01:26Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures
01:10Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Assessing Blood Pressure
01:12Relative Risk
01:20Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...