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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
06:23

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

Cognitive speed-accuracy dissociation in multiple myeloma: a cross‑sectional study.

Sumayyah Patel1, Christopher Parrish2, Frances Seymour3

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. ps19sp@leeds.ac.uk.

BMC Neuroscience
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
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Adults with Multiple Myeloma (MM) may have subtle cognitive processing differences, particularly in efficiency, not always detected by standard tests. Advanced analyses reveal processing speed and decision-making variations in some MM patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Hematology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy.
  • Cognitive impairment is a potential complication in MM patients.
  • Current screening tools may not fully capture subtle cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cognitive differences in adults with MM compared to healthy controls.
  • To identify domain-specific cognitive deficits in MM.
  • To assess the adequacy of standard screening tools for MM-related cognitive changes.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study comparing 45 MM patients and 40 controls.
  • Utilized Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), mood/functioning scales, and a computerized cognitive battery.
Keywords:
Blood cancerCognitionDrift diffusion modellingProcessing speed

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

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  • Employed ANCOVAs, Bayesian analyses, and EZ drift diffusion modeling (EZ-DDM) for detailed analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • MM group showed lower MoCA scores, with a higher proportion meeting criteria for possible impairment.
    • No significant group differences in accuracy or mean reaction time (RT) on computerized tasks.
    • Bayesian analyses revealed ~22% of MM patients had multi-domain RT inefficiencies, particularly in cognitive flexibility and semantic processing.
    • EZ-DDM indicated slower evidence accumulation (reduced drift rates) and prolonged non-decision times in MM.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive deficits in MM are subtle, affecting processing efficiency more than accuracy.
    • Standard screening and group comparisons may miss individual cognitive variability in MM.
    • Sensitive analytical approaches are crucial for characterizing heterogeneous cognitive profiles in MM.
    • Further longitudinal and neuroimaging studies are warranted.