The Relationship Between Voluntary Rapid Blinking Rate and Future Development of Neurodegenerative Disease
Remzi Bahsi1, Zeynep Eroglu Soysal1, Volkan Atmis1
1Department of Geriatrics, Ankara University School of Medicine Ibn-i Sina Hospital, Ankara, Turkiye.
Purpose:
We aimed to investigate whether voluntary rapid blinking rate is associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods:
The study included 234 patients with no prior history of dementia or Parkinson's disease. The number of voluntary rapid blinks was measured and recorded in all participants. Seven years later, participants were examined for the development of dementia and/or Parkinson's disease during this period.
Results:
The study included 164 women and 70 men, with a mean age of 68.72 ± 5.39 years. After 7 years, 14 patients developed dementia and 4 patients developed Parkinson's disease (one patient developed both of them). Blinking rates of 15 and 30 s were found to be significantly lower in individuals who developed dementia compared to those who did not (respectively; 36.64 ± 9.95 vs. 41.76 ± 8.67, p = 0.035; 66.93 ± 17.06 vs. 76.23 ± 16.25, p = 0.039). Additionally, those who developed neurodegenerative diseases (dementia or Parkinson's disease) were found to have lower blinking rates of 15, 30, and 60 s compared to those who did not develop the disease (respectively; 36.59 ± 10.06 vs. 41.84 ± 8.62, p = 0.018; 66.76 ± 17.51 vs. 76.37 ± 16.16, p = 0.020; 121.29 ± 31.97 vs. 137.43 ± 29.08, p = 0.030). Logistic regression analysis revealed that a voluntary rapid blinking rate of 15 s was inversely related to the future risk of neurodegenerative diseases (OR:0.925 (0.857-0.998), p = 0.044).
Conclusion:
We believe that voluntary rapid blinking may be a prodromal sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and Parkinson's disease. Monitoring individuals with low voluntary blinking rates for the development of neurodegenerative diseases could enable early diagnosis.
