Elevated NHHR at admission is independently associated with elevated post-stroke depressive symptoms

Elevated post-stroke depressive symptoms are common among acute ischemic stroke (AIS) survivors and are associated with poor functional recovery. However, readily available biomarkers reflecting lipid-inflammation status remain limited. The ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHHR) may integrate atherogenic burden and inflammatory status and thus be associated with depressive symptom burden after stroke.

We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 518 Chinese AIS patients. Admission NHHR was calculated from routine lipid panels. Depressive symptoms at 90 days were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and elevated post-stroke depressive symptoms were defined according to the prespecified HAMD threshold. Multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the association between NHHR and elevated depressive symptoms.

Among the 518 patients, 179 exhibited elevated post-stroke depressive symptoms at 90 days. Higher NHHR levels were independently associated with increased odds of elevated depressive symptoms after adjustment for demographics, stroke severity, cognitive function, inflammatory markers, and coagulation parameters (OR = 1.35, P = 0.029). Dose-response trends were observed, and RCS analysis suggested a linear relationship without significant nonlinearity. No significant interactions were found across sex, smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, or diabetes subgroups.

Elevated NHHR at admission was independently associated with elevated post-stroke depressive symptoms at 90 days in Chinese AIS patients. As a simple, cost-effective, and readily obtainable biomarker, NHHR may facilitate early risk stratification and guide individualized interventions.