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Parent-child interaction patterns and adolescent functioning in Saudi families managing ADHD: A cross-sectional study
Fatimah AlAhmari1,2, Arwa Almubaydh3, Maha Aldosari4
1Alfaisal University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, KSA.
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
|July 11, 2026
Summary
Positive parenting and consistent discipline are linked to better outcomes for adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Interventions should focus on strengthening these aspects and improving support services for Saudi families managing ADHD.
Area of Science:
- Child Psychology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Family Studies
Background:
- Parent-child interaction is crucial for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) outcomes.
- Research on ADHD parent-child dynamics in Saudi Arabia (KSA) is limited.
- This study investigated parent-child interactions, adolescent functioning, and sociodemographic factors in Saudi families with ADHD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine parent-child interaction patterns in Saudi families managing adolescent ADHD.
- To assess the relationship between these patterns and adolescent functioning.
- To explore the influence of sociodemographic factors on these dynamics.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 126 caregiver-adolescent dyads from specialized clinics.
- Caregivers completed the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
- Data analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression with effect sizes.
Main Results:
- Positive parenting was common, but harsh discipline and inconsistent supervision were also reported.
- Positive parenting correlated with fewer adolescent difficulties; harsh discipline correlated with greater impairment.
- Maternal guardianship was linked to higher difficulties, while parental education, school performance, and support services access were protective.
Conclusions:
- Family-based interventions in KSA should prioritize positive parenting, consistent discipline, and enhanced support services for ADHD.
- These strategies can potentially reduce behavioral difficulties and improve family functioning for adolescents with ADHD.
- Findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the cross-sectional design and clinic-based sample, limiting generalizability and causal inference.
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