Intermittent hypoxic conditioning as a novel strategy for obesity treatment: current evidence and future perspectives

Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and is a recognized risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. Effective non-pharmacological management of obesity is essential for reducing obesity-related health risks. Hypoxia, defined as insufficient oxygen supply to tissues and cells, is associated with pathological and pathophysiological conditions. In recent years, intermittent hypoxic conditioning (IHC), a potential non-pharmacological intervention under controlled hypoxic conditions, has gained increasing popularity. Recent studies suggest potential benefits of IHC in improving disease-related outcomes. A growing body of research supports its feasibility as an intervention for obesity, highlighting its emerging potential in the treatment of this condition. This review critically discusses the effects of IHC on obesity, with a focus on both animal and human evidence, underlying mechanisms, and safety considerations. By synthesizing current findings, it aims to clarify the state of knowledge and research limitations, and to provide an objective assessment of the applicability of IHC in obesity management.