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Regulatory insights underlying apple to cold stress
Yanfeng Jia1, Jiarui Li1, Mengyao Wei1
1Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
Horticulture Research
|July 11, 2026
Summary
Understanding apple
Area of Science:
- Plant Science
- Molecular Biology
- Agricultural Science
Background:
- Apple (Malus domestica) is a globally significant fruit crop.
- Low temperatures (LT) severely impact apple yield, quality, and growth.
- Developing cold-resilient apple varieties is essential for global food security.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance in apples.
- To explore strategies for enhancing cold resilience in apple cultivars.
- To provide a framework for future research in apple cold hardiness.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of molecular and genetic studies on apple cold tolerance.
- Synthesis of information on regulatory networks (transcription factors, hormones, ROS).
- Analysis of epigenetic and post-translational modifications in response to cold stress.
Main Results:
- Cold tolerance involves complex interactions including transcription cascades, phytohormonal signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation.
- Epigenetic and post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a significant role in apple's cold stress response.
- Crosstalk exists between cold, drought, immune, and light signaling pathways.
Conclusions:
- Strategies like utilizing wild germplasm, multi-omics integration, gene editing, and bioinoculants can enhance apple cold tolerance.
- A foundational understanding of molecular regulation is key for breeding climate-resilient apple varieties.
- Future efforts should focus on integrated approaches for improving apple's adaptation to cold environments.
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