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Evaluation of Canal Transportation, Centring Ability, Shaping Volume and Debris Extrusion in Double-Curved Root
Hernan Dario Muñoz-Alvear1, Javier Caviedes-Bucheli2, Hugo Roberto Muñoz3
1Postgraduate Endodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia.
Background:
This in vitro study aims to evaluate canal transportation, centring ability, volumetric change, and apical debris extrusion of four reciprocating systems using CBCT, machine-learning segmentation, and the Myers-Montgomery method.
Material And Methods:
Forty-eight 3D-printed maxillary canine resin teeth with standardised double-curved canals were randomly allocated to Reciproc Blue (RB), WaveOne Gold (WOG), One Reci (OR), or RC-One (n = 12). All canals were prepared at body temperature using manufacturer-recommended kinematics. Pre- and post-instrumentation CBCT scans (voxel size 70 µm) were segmented using supervised clustering to obtain canal geometry. Transportation and centring ability were analysed at 0.5-10 mm from the apex. Canal volume change was calculated from three-dimensional reconstructions. Apically extruded debris was collected and weighed. Non-parametric statistics (Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post hoc test) were applied ( = 0.05).
Results:
RC-One exhibited the lowest debris extrusion (median 0.032 mg), whereas WOG produced the greatest extrusion. RC-One also showed the lowest canal transportation (median 0.27), significantly lower than the other systems (p < 0.001), while WOG demonstrated the highest transportation (mean 0.80). RC-One achieved the highest centring ability (mean 0.69), whereas WOG showed the lowest (mean 0.42). The smallest volumetric enlargement was observed with RC-One (99.57%), significantly lower than WOG and RB (p < 0.01). WOG produced the greatest volume increase (137.23%).
Conclusions:
RC-One demonstrated the most favourable overall performance, with superior centring ability, minimal transportation, conservative shaping, and the lowest apical debris extrusion. These outcomes may be related to the interaction between its alloy properties, geometric design, and reciprocating kinematics. In contrast, WOG showed greater canal deviation and debris extrusion under the present experimental conditions.
