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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports
05:58

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports

Published on: June 12, 2018

Phenolate-Rich Anionic Covalent Organic Frameworks with Engineered Reticular Microenvironments Enable Selective Dye

Mika Nozaki1, Tsukasa Irie1, Kohki Sasaki1

  • 1Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.

ACS Materials Au
|July 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with anionic pockets efficiently capture cationic dyes from wastewater. These materials offer high capacity, recyclability, and real-world application, addressing persistent dye pollution challenges.

Keywords:
charge-selective adsorptionnoncovalent host−guest interactionsphenolate-functionalized covalent organic frameworksreticular microenvironment engineeringtextile wastewater treatment

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Engineering Molecular Recognition with Bio-mimetic Polymers on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
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Engineering Molecular Recognition with Bio-mimetic Polymers on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Published on: January 10, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Cationic dyes are persistent water pollutants.
  • Existing adsorbents struggle to selectively remove them due to challenges in creating suitable binding environments without compromising material properties.
  • The need for effective and recyclable adsorbents for dye removal is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with engineered anionic pockets for selective cationic dye adsorption.
  • To investigate the adsorption capacity, selectivity, and recyclability of these COFs for textile dye effluents.
  • To elucidate the binding mechanism and selectivity origin using computational methods.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of π-conjugated 2D COFs (TU-331 and TU-332) via Schiff-base reticulation.
  • Characterization of porosity, crystallinity, and surface properties.
  • Adsorption experiments with cationic and anionic dyes, including real textile effluents.
  • Zeta-potential and pH studies to understand binding mechanisms.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory (SAPT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • TU-331 and TU-332 exhibit permanent microporosity and oxygen-rich anionic pockets.
  • TU-331 demonstrated high adsorption capacity for Basic Green 1 and Methylene Blue (qmax = 302.7 and 280.0 mg g⁻¹).
  • Selective adsorption of cationic dyes over anionic dyes was observed, with efficient regeneration (>99.5% capacity retention after 5 cycles).
  • Successful decolorization of authentic industrial textile dyeing effluents was achieved.
  • Computational analyses confirmed strong Coulombic attraction and π-stacking as key binding drivers for cationic dyes.

Conclusions:

  • Reticular design of anionic microenvironments in COFs is a viable strategy for selective cationic dye capture.
  • The developed COFs show promise for practical applications in treating industrial wastewater contaminated with textile dyes.
  • This approach offers a blueprint for creating advanced materials for environmental remediation.