Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising From Mature Cystic Teratoma in a 39-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report

Ovarian carcinomas represent the second most common malignancy of the female genital tract; however, primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare subtype. Most of these tumors arise from malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma (MCT), whereas others are associated with endometriosis or Brenner tumor. Preoperative diagnosis remains challenging because both clinical presentation and imaging findings are frequently nonspecific. Patients often present with symptoms related to the mass effect of the lesion, and metastatic disease may be present at the time of diagnosis. While pelvic ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are essential diagnostic adjuncts, histopathological examination remains the gold standard for establishing the diagnosis and guiding management. Current therapeutic strategies necessitate a multimodal approach, including surgical debulking and adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. We present the case of a 39-year-old woman diagnosed with ovarian SCC arising from a mature cystic teratoma, detailing her clinical presentation and subsequent management. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with malignant transformation of MCTs, particularly in younger patients.