Validation Study of the Turkish Version of the Post-Traumatic-Embitterment-Disorder 21-Item Scale

The objective of this manuscript was to adapt the PTED-21 Scale into Turkish and to evaluate its psychometric properties, including validity and reliability. Additionally, the prevalence and levels of embitterment among the participants were assessed. This cross-sectional methodological study included 575 participants. Following a rigorous forward-backward translation process, the PTED-21 was adapted into Turkish. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability coefficients. To evaluate construct validity and identify the factor structure, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed using principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Reliability analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 0.960 and a Spearman-Brown coefficient of 0.961. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.958, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Factor analysis revealed that the Turkish PTED-21 consists of a three-factor structure, explaining 67.49% of the total variance. The Turkish version of the PTED-21 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing embitterment. Its clinical application may significantly enhance the diagnostic assessment of embitterment in Turkish-speaking populations.