Assistive technology prototype for autonomous feeding: preliminary tests in the home environment of people with...

This paper presents the proposed concept, prototype manufacturing, and user evaluation of an innovative adaptive dishware to assist people with upper limb impairments during feeding.

From an initial conceptual solution previously published by our research group, the design team identified functionality aspects to be improved and generated the second version of the assistive plate. Three individuals with disabilities were invited to test the device in their home environments for seven days. Standardised instruments were applied before and after prototype usage to assess levels of functional independence, expectations, and satisfaction. A final interview was conducted to identify design aspects to be further modified.

The proposed adaptive dishware is characterised by a unique geometry that favours food positioning in the cutlery, hand placement for transport, and forearm support during the activity. For all participants, the level of functional independence was improved or at least maintained. Two of the subjects met their expectations, while one of them was reticent in terms of confidence using the device in a social context. Overall satisfaction was unanimously assessed as at least "quite satisfied". Several benefits were highlighted, especially in terms of stability, safety, and comfort. Suggested improvements included modifying some geometric aspects to facilitate sanitation.

User participation is essential in prototype evaluation within assistive technology development, providing input for subsequent design iterations and increasing the chances of proposing a solution that truly meets individual needs, adapts to their routines, improves occupational performance in the activity, and promotes greater autonomy.