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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
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Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Procedures for the Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Inhibitors as Potential Antivirals using MLV-Based Pseudoviruses
11:43

Procedures for the Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Inhibitors as Potential Antivirals using MLV-Based Pseudoviruses

Published on: February 27, 2026

Targeted IL-27-based gene therapy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 entry.

Grace E Mulia1,2, Janelle E Salameh1,3, Marxa L Figueiredo4,5

  • 1Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St, LYNN 2177, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47904, USA.

Molecular Biology Reports
|July 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

ACE2-targeted IL-27 gene therapy shows potential for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 entry by targeting the ACE2 receptor. Further research is needed to optimize this cell-based approach for COVID-19 treatment.

Keywords:
ACE2-targeted therapyAdipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cellsCOVID-19Gene therapyIL-27SARS-CoV-2

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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

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Procedures for the Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Inhibitors as Potential Antivirals using MLV-Based Pseudoviruses
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Gene Therapy
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) cause severe respiratory illness and global health crises.
  • Current treatments for COVID-19 have limitations, especially against viral entry and new variants.
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2, making it a key therapeutic target.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore ACE2-targeted interleukin-27 (IL-27) delivery via stromal cells as a strategy to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry.
  • To build upon prior success with IL-27 gene therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an in vitro model using SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus to simulate viral entry.
  • Engineered human adipose-derived stromal cells to deliver either ACE2-targeted or non-targeted IL-27.
  • Tested two regimens: pre-treatment and simultaneous addition of conditioned media and virus.

Main Results:

  • ACE2-targeted IL-27 demonstrated a trend toward reduced lentiviral entry in a concentration-dependent manner.
  • The effect was more pronounced in A549-ACE2 cells, though statistical significance was not reached.
  • Viral entry was quantified using luciferase reporter activity and genome copy units.

Conclusions:

  • Provides proof-of-concept for ACE2-targeted IL-27 stromal cell-based gene therapy to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry.
  • Further optimization of delivery, dosing, and testing against viral replication, inflammation, and variants is necessary.
  • This approach may serve as an adjunct therapy for COVID-19.