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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction01:22

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction

The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

Coupling Polyolefin Conversion and Methanol Reduction for C9-C10 Alkylaromatic Production.

Sheng-Ren Li1, Richard L Smith2, Janusz A Kozinski3

  • 1Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study upgrades polyethylene (PE) into valuable liquid fuels using a novel NiGa/ZSM-5-H catalyst and methanol. The process efficiently converts plastic waste into 56.1 wt% aromatics, offering a sustainable solution for polyolefin upgrading.

Keywords:
aromaticsheterogeneous catalysishierarchical zeolitetandem catalysiswaste plastics

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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

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Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols

Published on: April 4, 2014

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

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Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols
10:12

Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols

Published on: April 4, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Polyethylene (PE) is a major plastic waste contributor.
  • Efficient upgrading of polyolefins into valuable chemicals remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for integrating PE aromatization and Friedel-Crafts-type alkylation via methanol reduction.
  • To upgrade PE into high-aromatics liquid products using a bifunctional catalyst.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a bifunctional NiGa/ZSM-5-H catalyst for polyethylene upgrading.
  • Integrated PE aromatization, methanol reduction, and Friedel-Crafts-type alkylation.
  • Optimized reaction conditions at 280 °C with methanol addition.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 79.0 wt% liquid yield with 56.1 wt% aromatics from PE upgrading.
  • Boosted C9-C10 alkylaromatics yields by over 600% using methanol.
  • Doubled aromatic and C9-C10 alkylaromatics yields with methanol addition.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy enables efficient PE upgrading into valuable liquid fuels.
  • The bifunctional catalyst and coupled reactions offer a practical route for plastic waste processing.
  • This approach provides a sustainable method for converting polyolefins into high-value chemicals.