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Heterogeneity in Aging: Exploring Grip Strength Variability in Population-Based Age-Sex Cohorts.

Richard H Fortinsky¹, Lisa C Barry¹, Katherine Zavez²

¹UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

|July 11, 2026

Summary

Aging heterogeneity in grip strength differs between sexes. Male grip strength variance decreases with age cross-sectionally but increases longitudinally, while female variance remains stable.

Keywords:

Precision Gerontology frailty function physical performance sarcopenia

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Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

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Published on: July 5, 2017

Area of Science:

Gerontology
Sex Differences in Aging
Biostatistics

Background:

Aging is characterized by increased heterogeneity, or variability, in individual traits.
Sex-specific patterns and longitudinal changes in aging heterogeneity are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex differences in aging heterogeneity using grip strength.
To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of grip strength variance across age groups.

Main Methods:

Utilized UK Biobank data (N=73,134) with individuals aged 40-69 at baseline.
Analyzed grip strength variance cross-sectionally and longitudinally (4-18 year follow-up) in males and females separately.
Compared variance patterns across age groups and over time, with and without covariates.

Main Results:

Cross-sectionally, male grip strength variance decreased with age; female variance showed no significant age-related change.
Longitudinally, male grip strength variance increased within age groups over time; female variance remained stable.
Covariates partially explained but did not eliminate observed sex differences in trends.

Conclusions:

Aging heterogeneity in grip strength exhibits distinct sex-specific patterns.
Longitudinal analysis reveals increasing heterogeneity in males over time, contrasting with cross-sectional findings.