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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Social Defeat Stress Model for Adolescent C57BL/6 Male and Female Mice
07:15

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Published on: March 15, 2024

Multiple Substance Use Disorders From Adolescence to Midlife.

Sean Esteban McCabe, Ty S Schepis, Timothy E Wilens

    Journal of Addiction Medicine
    |July 11, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Adolescent polysubstance use, defined as moderate-to-severe substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms involving multiple substances, often persists into midlife. Early screening and intervention are crucial for addressing this developmental course.

    Keywords:
    adolescenceepidemiologylongitudinalnatural historysubstance use disorder

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    Area of Science:

    • Addiction research
    • Adolescent psychology
    • Longitudinal studies

    Background:

    • Adolescent substance use disorder (SUD) can have long-term consequences.
    • Polysubstance use, involving multiple substances, may present unique challenges.
    • Understanding the developmental trajectory of adolescent SUD into midlife is critical for public health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the association between symptomatic polysubstance use during adolescence and the development of substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms in midlife.
    • To compare the long-term outcomes of polysubstance use versus single-substance use in adolescence.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal analysis of nationally representative US adolescent cohorts (N=12,025) from 12th grade into midlife (age 55).
    • Utilized Poisson regression models accounting for repeated measures, attrition, and covariates.
    • Baseline data collected between 1976-2002, with follow-up data from 1993-2019.

    Main Results:

    • Approximately 8.9% of US adolescents exhibited moderate-to-severe SUD symptoms involving multiple substances.
    • A significant positive association was found between adolescent SUD symptom severity/polysubstance use and midlife SUD symptoms.
    • Over two-thirds (68.6%) of adolescents with moderate-to-severe polysubstance use symptoms continued to experience multiple SUD symptoms in midlife.
    • Adolescents with moderate-to-severe polysubstance use had 2.8 times greater odds of midlife SUD symptoms compared to asymptomatic peers.

    Conclusions:

    • The majority of US adolescents with symptomatic polysubstance use or moderate-to-severe SUD symptoms persist with these issues into midlife.
    • Adolescent polysubstance use is linked to a more severe developmental course in midlife compared to single-substance use.
    • Comprehensive early screening and intervention strategies are essential for adolescents with symptomatic polysubstance use.