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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing
09:46

Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing

Published on: December 1, 2016

Exploiting polyphenol oxidation chemistry for colorimetric logic and encryption.

Lei Jiang1, Shuying Li1, Yuehang Zhu1

  • 1Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China.

Food Chemistry
|July 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study repurposed polyphenol oxidation chemistry to create a novel, instrument-free colorimetric platform for logic operations and encryption. The system uses plant polyphenols and praseodymium oxide nanorods for applications in food authentication and anti-counterfeiting.

Keywords:
Information encryptionLogic gatesPlant polyphenolsPraseodymium oxide nanorods

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Published on: October 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Polyphenol oxidation is crucial for food color and browning via redox reactions.
  • Existing methods for food authentication and anti-counterfeiting often require specialized equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an instrument-free colorimetric logic and encryption platform using plant polyphenols and praseodymium oxide nanorods.
  • To explore the application of this platform for low-cost anti-counterfeiting and food authentication.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized five structurally distinct polyphenols and praseodymium oxide nanorods (Pr₆O₁₁ NRs) as oxidase mimics.
  • Investigated pH-dependent oxidation of polyphenols, producing visually distinguishable colors.
  • Employed radical-scavenging assays to identify hydroxyl radicals from Pr³⁺/Pr⁴⁺ redox cycling as dominant oxidants.

Main Results:

  • Implemented AND- and IMP-type logic gates and 20 naked-eye-distinguishable states using polyphenol identity, pH, and Pr₆O₁₁ presence as inputs.
  • Mapped states onto a color-wheel cipher for visual encryption, proving robust across three fruit juices.
  • Demonstrated correct assignment of 36 binary calls and distinct colorimetric fingerprints for each matrix, with thiol interference up to 10 mM not altering the output.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy enables a low-cost, non-direct-contact platform for anti-counterfeiting and food authentication.
  • The system leverages food-derived molecules and earth-abundant catalysts for practical applications.
  • This approach offers a novel method for visual encryption and authentication based on chemical reactions.