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Related Concept Videos

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

Intraperitoneal route of administration: Present understanding and future usage.

Jack Terry1, Michael Hageman2

  • 1Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|July 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Intraperitoneal drug administration offers rapid absorption, similar to IV injection, due to the peritoneum's large surface area and vasculature. Further research into this largely unexplored route is warranted for potential therapeutic benefits.

Keywords:
Drug AbsorptionDrug AdministrationEmulsionsFirst Pass MetabolismIntraperitonealPeptidesPreclinical pharmacokineticsPreformulationRoutes of AdministrationSmall MoleculesSolutionsSuspensionsproteins

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Physiology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Intraperitoneal (IP) administration is an underutilized drug delivery route.
  • The peritoneal cavity offers unique physiological properties for drug absorption.
  • Limited scientific evaluation exists for IP drug administration outside specific preclinical screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the physiological basis of rapid drug absorption via the peritoneum.
  • To review current applications and future potential of IP drug administration.
  • To highlight the largely unexplored opportunities of the IP route.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological characteristics of the peritoneal cavity.
  • Analysis of drug absorption dynamics compared to other routes (IV, oral, subcutaneous).
  • Examination of existing preclinical and clinical applications of IP administration.

Main Results:

  • The peritoneum's large surface area and rich vasculature facilitate rapid drug absorption, comparable to intravenous (IV) administration.
  • Absorption via the IP route is significantly faster than oral or subcutaneous routes.
  • IP administration presents unique advantages for drug delivery that remain largely unexplored.

Conclusions:

  • The peritoneum's unique physiological attributes support efficient drug absorption.
  • Expanded research and application of IP drug administration could unlock new therapeutic strategies.
  • Further investigation is needed to fully realize the potential of this administration route.