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Translationally-Relevant Tumor Resection Model for Murine Preclinical Models of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Clinical evidence for immune cell-based therapy for head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dong-Hyeon Jo¹, Jongbok Lee², Min-Su Kim³

¹Riddell Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology

|July 11, 2026

Summary

Clinical outcomes for immune cell-based therapy (ICT) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are underexplored. While randomized trials in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) showed no clear benefit, further research is needed for non-nasopharyngeal HNSCC.

Keywords:

Adoptive Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Head and Neck Neoplasms Immunotherapy Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma T-Cell Receptor T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes

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Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment

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Published on: April 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunotherapy
Clinical Trials

Background:

Immune cell-based therapy (ICT) shows promise in various cancers, but its efficacy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), especially outside of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), is not well-established.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) constitutes a significant portion (13.5%) of HNSCC cases, highlighting the need for specific research.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and meta-analyze the clinical outcomes of immune cell-based therapy (ICT) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICT across different HNSCC subtypes, including NPC and non-nasopharyngeal HNSCC.

Main Methods:

A systematic review of ICT trials in HNSCC was conducted, including 30 studies for meta-analysis after excluding irrelevant case reports and mixed solid tumor studies.
The analysis comprised 30 trials involving 953 patients, including randomized, nonrandomized, and single-arm studies.

Main Results:

Randomized trials in NPC using autologous ICT platforms did not demonstrate significant benefits in tumor response, adverse events (grade ≥ 3), or survival.
A single nonrandomized trial in non-nasopharyngeal HNSCC suggested longer median survival, but lacked statistical significance.
Single-arm trials reported pooled rates: 11% complete response, 22% objective response rate, 56% disease control rate, and 12% grade ≥ 3 adverse events. NPC studies predominantly used EBV-directed T-cell platforms, while non-nasopharyngeal HNSCC studies utilized heterogeneous ICT platforms.

Conclusions:

Limited randomized evidence for ICT in HNSCC, primarily in NPC, shows no clear survival advantage.
Evidence for ICT in non-nasopharyngeal HNSCC is mainly from heterogeneous single-arm studies.
Future research should focus on next-generation engineered ICT, prioritizing randomized trials in non-nasopharyngeal HNSCC to establish efficacy and safety.