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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Evaluation of a Smartphone-based Human Activity Recognition System in a Daily Living Environment
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Published on: December 11, 2015

How Many Days Do We Need? Defining Reliable ActivPAL Monitoring Protocols for Distinct Movement Behaviors in Office

Ander Espin1,2, Pedro B Júdice3,4

  • 1Ageing on Research Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|July 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Determining optimal wear time for ActivPAL devices is key. Two days suffice for sit-to-stand transitions, three for sedentary behaviors, and four for stepping and step counts, with mixed weekdays/weekends improving reliability.

Keywords:
accelerometryphysical activityreliability and validitysedentary behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Activity Measurement
  • Wearable Technology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Device-measured physical activity offers superior accuracy over self-report questionnaires.
  • Current device-monitoring protocols, like those using ActivPAL, can be resource-intensive.
  • Limited evidence exists on the minimum monitoring duration for reliable ActivPAL data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the minimum number of days required for reliable movement behavior estimation using ActivPAL devices.
  • To investigate the impact of combining weekdays and weekend days on data reliability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 106 six-day monitoring periods from adult office workers (636 total monitored days).
  • Assessment of reliability for 1-5 day durations against a 6-day reference period.
  • Criteria for reliability: Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ≥ 0.85 (relative) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) < 10% (absolute).

Main Results:

  • Two days of monitoring achieved reliability for sit-to-stand transitions.
  • Three days were sufficient for sedentary time, sitting time, and primary lying time.
  • Four days were necessary for reliable estimates of stepping time, standing time, and step count.
  • Monitoring periods including both weekdays and weekend days generally showed higher reliability.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized ActivPAL monitoring durations can reduce participant and researcher burden.
  • Findings provide evidence-based guidance for efficient ActivPAL protocol design.
  • Reliable movement behavior estimates can be obtained with shorter, targeted monitoring periods.