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Related Concept Videos

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...

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Draining Lymph Node Metastasis Model for Assessing the Dynamics of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells During Tumorigenesis
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Dynamic alterations in the irradiated draining lymph node.

Sabrina Reichl1,2, Lisa Kurz3, Alba Sanchez Fernandez1

  • 1Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

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Radiotherapy damages tumor-draining lymph nodes (DLNs), depleting lymphocytes and impairing chemokine signaling. This disruption compromises the immune system's ability to fight tumors after radiation treatment.

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Murine Mesenteric Lymphadenectomy for Selective Disruption of Lymphatic Communication with Region-Specific Gut

Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Tumor-draining lymph nodes (DLNs) are vital for initiating anti-tumor immune responses.
  • Radiotherapy, while targeting tumors, often co-irradiates DLNs, potentially hindering anti-tumor immunity.
  • The CCR7-CCL19/CCL21 axis is critical for lymphocyte trafficking to DLNs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of DLN irradiation on anti-tumor immunity.
  • To analyze radiotherapy-induced disruptions in the CCR7-CCL19/CCL21 signaling pathway.
  • To assess the dose-dependent effects of irradiation on DLN structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo irradiation of murine lymph nodes.
  • In vitro assays to evaluate structural and functional changes in DLNs.
  • Assessment of lymphocyte infiltration and chemokine levels (CCL19/CCL21) post-irradiation.

Main Results:

  • Irradiation led to a dose-dependent depletion of lymphocytes and chemokines (CCL19/CCL21) in DLNs.
  • Lymphocyte recovery was observed only at irradiation doses of 5 Gray (Gy) or less.
  • Higher doses (15 Gy) resulted in persistent lymphopenia, with surviving lymphocytes showing increased proliferation.
  • Irradiation dysregulated CCL19 secretion, potentially affecting stromal cells.

Conclusions:

  • Radiotherapy causes DLN depletion and impairs stromal cell function.
  • Disruption of chemokine signaling in DLNs compromises anti-tumor immunity.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for optimizing radiotherapy strategies.