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Neoantigens in Cancer Immunotherapy: An Overview with a Focus on Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Pancreatic Ductal

Fatemeh Eskandari-Malayeri1, Sajjad Shekarchian1, Esmaeil Mortaz2

  • 1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. emortaz@gmail.com.

Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
|July 12, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) shows better immunotherapy response than pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) due to higher quality and quantity of neoantigens. These findings may guide personalized cancer treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Genomics

Background:

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are prevalent cancers with differing responses to immunotherapy.
  • Neoantigens, arising from tumor mutations, are crucial for effective anti-tumor immune responses and immunotherapy success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare quantitative and qualitative differences in neoantigens between NSCLC and PDAC.
  • To investigate the impact of these neoantigen differences on immunotherapy efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and data comparing neoantigen profiles in NSCLC and PDAC.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to immunotherapy response variations between these cancer types.

Main Results:

  • NSCLC exhibits a higher mutational burden, greater neoantigen diversity, and distinct neoantigen quality compared to PDAC.
  • These neoantigen characteristics in NSCLC are associated with enhanced susceptibility to immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Differences in neoantigen landscape significantly influence immunotherapy outcomes in NSCLC versus PDAC.
  • Understanding these disparities can inform the development of personalized therapies for resistant cancers like PDAC.
Keywords:
Cancer immunotherapyNeoantigensNon-small cell lung cancerPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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