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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates

Published on: September 17, 2019

Optimizing the mathematical model and technical standards for unilateral biportal endoscopic spinal surgery through

DingZhong Cheng¹, Hui Wu¹, ChunBin Zhou¹

¹First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.

European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society

|July 12, 2026

Summary

A new spinal triangle concept and formula improve unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spine surgery. This standardized approach enhances surgical efficiency, ergonomics, and precision for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:

Lumbar disc herniation Machine learning Unilateral biportal endoscopy

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

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Published on: September 17, 2019

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Optimizing Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: A Fully 3D CT O-Arm Navigated Workflow in MIS TLIF

Published on: October 17, 2025

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
Surgical Technology

Background:

Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spine surgery offers minimally invasive access.
Standardized protocols are needed to optimize UBE procedure efficacy and ergonomics.
The 'spinal triangle' concept provides a framework for understanding the endoscopic working zone.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate the spinal triangle concept for UBE procedures.
To develop a standardized predictive formula for optimizing incision placement and interportal distance.
To enhance the technical precision and efficiency of UBE surgery.

Main Methods:

A retrospective-prospective cohort of 105 patients undergoing UBE for lumbar discectomy and decompression.
Stratification into control and experimental groups, with the latter using a proprietary algorithmic formula for preoperative incision parameters.
Surgical outcomes assessed via surgeon Likert scales and patient-reported outcomes (VAS, ODI), with quantitative video-derived metrics and statistical analysis.

Main Results:

An optimal surgical angle range of 30°-50° was identified.
A standardized predictive formula for incision positioning and interportal distance was established.
The experimental group showed reduced operative duration, improved ergonomics (especially for extreme BMIs), decreased radiation exposure, and enhanced surgeon satisfaction.

Conclusions:

The endoscopic triangular working zone in UBE procedures is confirmed.
A standardized predictive formula for incision positioning and interportal distance significantly enhances surgical efficiency and precision in UBE.
This framework promotes optimized biportal positioning and incision delineation for improved surgical outcomes.