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Related Concept Videos

Microbe-Plant Interactions01:09

Microbe-Plant Interactions

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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain
07:10

Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain

Published on: March 13, 2020

Multi-Generational High Nitrogen Application Inhibits Seed Germination in Wheat: Insights Into Metabolic Dynamics and

Peng Mu1, Fasih Ullah Haider1, Shuxin Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Multi-generational high nitrogen application impairs wheat seed germination. This occurs due to reduced L-aspartic acid in the endosperm and changes in beneficial soil bacteria, impacting crop performance.

Keywords:
embryo metabolismendosperm metabolismmicrobial competitionmulti‐generational nitrogen effectsseed germinationspatial metabolomics

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain
07:10

Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain

Published on: March 13, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer use impacts soil health and crop yields.
  • The long-term, multi-generational effects of high nitrogen on wheat seed germination are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multi-generational impact of prolonged high nitrogen exposure on wheat seed germination.
  • To analyze changes in seed metabolomes and endophytic bacterial communities across seven wheat generations (F1-F7) under varying nitrogen conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Spatial metabolomics and transcriptomics to analyze embryo- and endosperm-specific responses.
  • 16S rRNA sequencing for profiling endophytic bacterial communities.
  • Germination assays on F7 seeds.

Main Results:

  • Seven generations of high-N treatment delayed germination and reduced the germination index by 12.3%.
  • High-N led to decreased endosperm L-aspartic acid (73.9% reduction) and enriched Bacillus bacteria.
  • L-aspartic acid promoted germination, while Bacillus utilized it and inhibited germination.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-generational high nitrogen negatively affects wheat seed germination.
  • Endosperm amino acid depletion and altered endophytic bacteria contribute to reduced germination under high nitrogen stress.