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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
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Are DSM-5 and ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder measures assessing the same construct? Evidence from a Rasch-based

Emre Han Alpay1,2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Mersin University, Mersin, Türkiye.

Journal of Traumatic Stress
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) are not psychometrically equivalent. The PCL-5 captures broader distress, while the ITQ focuses on trauma-specific symptoms, impacting PTSD prevalence estimates.

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Published on: October 10, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
  • Psychometrics
  • Trauma Studies

Background:

  • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic criteria have evolved with DSM-5 and ICD-11.
  • Self-report measures like the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) are widely used for PTSD assessment.
  • Understanding the psychometric equivalence of these instruments is crucial for accurate diagnosis and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the psychometric properties and convergent validity of the PCL-5 and ITQ.
  • To determine if DSM-5 and ICD-11 self-report operationalizations of PTSD are psychometrically equivalent.
  • To investigate differences in symptom capture and comorbidity associations between the PCL-5 and ITQ.

Main Methods:

  • Rasch modeling was employed to analyze data from 483 Syrian refugees in Türkiye.
  • The psychometric properties and convergent validity of the PCL-5 and ITQ were compared.
  • Associations with depression and anxiety were examined to assess convergent validity.

Main Results:

  • Both PCL-5 and ITQ demonstrated acceptable model fit and reliability.
  • The PCL-5 showed stronger associations with depression (r = .792) compared to the ITQ (r = .691).
  • Probable PTSD prevalence differed: 26.9% by DSM-5 criteria vs. 21.9% by ICD-11 criteria.

Conclusions:

  • The PCL-5 and ITQ are not psychometrically equivalent, with the PCL-5 assessing a broader internalizing distress syndrome.
  • The ITQ offers a more parsimonious assessment of trauma-specific symptoms.
  • Instrument choice significantly impacts PTSD prevalence, comorbidity, and interpretation in trauma-exposed populations.