Survival in Synchronous Versus Metachronous Bladder and Prostate Cancer

We aim to evaluate the co-occurrence of prostate cancer (Pca) and bladder cancer (Bca). We also aim to identify their clinicopathological characteristics and oncological outcomes in accordance with their status as either synchronous or metachronous during oncological follow-up.

Retrospective data query set to the timeline of 2011-2022 yielded 72 patients with synchronous or metachronous Pca and Bca from the hospital database. Patients with synchronous cancers were assigned to group I, those with metachronous Bca after Pca were assigned to group II and those with metachronous Pca after Bca were assigned to group III.

The synchronous group included 33 (45.83%) patients, whereas the metachronous group included 39 (54.17%) patients (29 patients (40.28%) in group II and 10 (13.89%) in group III). The rate of high-grade Bca (71.88%) and presence of carcinoma in situ (CIS) (46.87%) were higher in synchronous tumours than in other tumour types. 5- and 10-year overall and metastasisfree survival rates were lower in the synchronous group than in the metachronous groups. The 10-year survival rates for all three groups were 61%, 89% and 91%. In all groups, the lung was the most common metastatic site and the third most common cancer site.

The survival rate in the synchronous group was lower than that in the metachronous groups. In addition, the risk of a third tumour is high in patients with synchronous or metachronous tumours. The occurrence of lung cancer as the third most common tumour in these patients might be related to the common habit of smoking.