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Superconductor

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...

Phase Diagram

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

Phase Diagrams

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions

High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions

Published on: October 10, 2014

Promising Room-Temperature Superconductor in the La-Sc-H System at High Pressure.

Zefang Wang¹, Xin Zhong^1,2, Guangtao Liu¹

¹Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|July 13, 2026

Summary

Researchers identified a new room-temperature superconductor, La2ScH36, potentially explaining a secondary phase in high-pressure experiments. This discovery opens avenues for new superconducting materials.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Recent discovery of room-temperature superconductivity in LaSc2H24 under high pressure.
Experimental data suggests an unidentified secondary phase in certain samples.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the structure of the secondary phase in the La-Sc-H system at 250 GPa.
To explore potential room-temperature superconducting materials within this system.

Main Methods:

Machine-learning-accelerated crystal structure prediction.
Extensive computational search for the La-Sc-H system at 250 GPa.
First-principles calculations to determine superconducting properties.

Main Results:

Identified several metastable ternary hydrides, including Fm3m La2ScH36, matching the secondary phase structure.
Stoichiometric La2ScH36 predicted to be a room-temperature superconductor (Tc: 369-412 K).
Hydrogen-deficient La2ScH36-x proposed for the secondary phase, with predicted Tc of 261-282 K, consistent with experiments.

Conclusions:

Provided a structural assignment for the observed secondary phase in La-Sc-H system.
La-Sc-H system is a promising platform for diverse room-temperature superconducting configurations.
Further research into hydrogen-deficient phases could yield novel superconductors.