Direct Triboelectric Programming of a Ferroelectric Synaptic Transistor for Neuromorphic Tactile Perception

Triboelectric nanogenerators provide a direct electrical interface to mechanical stimuli, yet most triboelectric-neuromorphic integrations rely on volatile conductance modulation or indirect capacitive coupling, limiting memory-assisted tactile perception. Here, we demonstrate direct triboelectric programming of a MoS₂/HfO₂/PbZr_0.3Ti_0.7O₃ ferroelectric transistor, where rectified triboelectric pulses are coupled to ferroelectric switching to realize cumulative conductance modulation. The spike-like outputs generated by mechanical contact-separation are translated into history-dependent conductance evolution through polarization-controlled electrostatic modulation in PbZr_0.3Ti_0.7O₃ assisted by charge trapping in HfO₂. Systematic correlation between triboelectric pulse amplitude, repetition frequency, and channel conductance reveals that repetitive mechanical inputs progressively accumulate polarization-mediated states without external signal amplification or continuous waveform processing. The device exhibits fundamental synaptic characteristics under electrical stimulation, while triboelectrically generated inputs enable cumulative tactile programming. By constructing a force-frequency-dependent conductance map and defining a reference current window, tactile conditions are encoded into stable state regimes, allowing threshold-based discrimination based on accumulated device states rather than instantaneous signals. Furthermore, the experimentally parameterized encoding framework is extended to electrocardiogram signal classification, demonstrating its capability to transform temporal bio-signals into device-relevant conductance features for neuromorphic signal processing. These results establish a physics-grounded route for analog memory-assisted tactile state encoding in neuromorphic sensory systems.