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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
Documentation in Long-Term and Home Healthcare Setting01:29

Documentation in Long-Term and Home Healthcare Setting

Documentation in long-term care facilities and home healthcare settings is crucial for ensuring continuous, coordinated, and comprehensive care for patients. Each setting has its specific documentation processes and tools:
Long-Term Care Facilities
Nursing Assessment01:29

Nursing Assessment

The two sources for collecting information are primary and secondary. After gathering information, interpretation and validation help to complete the data. The purpose of assessment is to establish data with the initial information, to interpret data about the patient's perceived needs and health problems, and to respond to these problems identified.
The nurse collects all aspects of the patient's health in the initial assessment, establishing priorities for ongoing focused assessments and...
Nursing Evaluation01:15

Nursing Evaluation

The evaluation stage signals the end of the nursing process. The nurse gathers evaluative data to assess whether or not the patient has attained the expected results. Whereas the nurse collects data in the nursing assessment to identify the patient's health concerns, the evaluation stage data determines if the indicated health issues are resolved. Evaluative data collection includes two sections: the data acquired to evaluate patient outcomes and the time criteria for data collection.
Section...
Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis01:24

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis

The nursing process provides a clinical decision-making framework for patients and families to establish and implement a personalized care plan. Since part of the nurse's duties is to teach patients, the steps of the nursing process are the most effective way to approach instruction. The nursing process and the teaching-learning process are inextricably linked.
It is critical to determine the patient's learning needs during the assessment. Determination of learning needs compounds data from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Low-Value Services and Longitudinal Knowledge Assessment Performance.

Jonathan L Vandergrift1, Bruce E Landon2,3, Weifeng Weng1

  • 1American Board of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

JAMA Internal Medicine
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Physicians with higher general clinical knowledge, measured by the American Board of Internal Medicine's Longitudinal Knowledge Assessment (LKA), were less likely to order low-value services (LVSs). This suggests a link between physician knowledge and reduced wasteful health care spending.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Medical Education
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Low-value services (LVSs) are prevalent in US healthcare, contributing significantly to wasteful spending.
  • Identifying factors associated with LVS utilization is crucial for healthcare cost containment and quality improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between physicians' general clinical knowledge and their utilization of LVSs.
  • To determine if higher performance on a standardized knowledge assessment correlates with lower LVS prescribing.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study analyzed data from general internists participating in the American Board of Internal Medicine's Longitudinal Knowledge Assessment (LKA) in 2022-2023.
  • Physician LKA scores were correlated with the rate of LVSs provided to Medicare beneficiaries aged 67+.
  • Patient and physician characteristics were controlled for in logistic regression models.

Main Results:

  • Physicians in the top quartile of LKA scores had a 7.9% lower likelihood of ordering any LVS compared to those in the bottom quartile.
  • Significant reductions in LVS use were observed across subtypes, including diagnostic testing, preventive care, and imaging.
  • Specific LVSs, such as thyroid testing and PSA screening, showed the most pronounced differences based on physician knowledge levels.

Conclusions:

  • Higher physician general clinical knowledge, as indicated by LKA scores, is associated with reduced use of low-value services.
  • This finding suggests that enhancing physician knowledge may be a strategy to mitigate wasteful healthcare spending.
  • Further research could explore interventions to improve clinical knowledge and its impact on LVS utilization.