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Immune heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance in gynecological malignancies

Mengyi Zhang1,2, Binhan Guo1,2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 13, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Single-cell sequencing reveals complex cellular ecosystems in gynecological cancers, highlighting immune diversity and therapeutic resistance. This approach offers new avenues for precision immunotherapy in cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Gynecological malignancies exhibit significant cellular heterogeneity, immune system alterations, and resistance to therapies, limiting treatment efficacy.
  • Single-cell sequencing provides high-resolution insights into tumor ecosystems, including cancer cell diversity, immune cell states, and stromal components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in single-cell sequencing for cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers.
  • To emphasize immune heterogeneity, tumor-microenvironment interactions, and therapeutic resistance.
  • To explore opportunities for precision immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of single-cell sequencing studies in cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers.
  • Analysis of findings related to epithelial diversity, immune cell populations, and stromal components.
  • Synthesis of data on therapeutic resistance mechanisms and immune interactions.

Main Results:

  • Single-cell studies identified epithelial diversity, HPV-driven immune suppression, and resistance mechanisms in cervical cancer.
  • Ovarian cancer research using single-cell analysis elucidated subtypes, metastasis, and immune suppression in ascites.
  • Endometrial cancer profiling revealed heterogeneous fibroblasts and prognostic immune-stromal interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell sequencing is crucial for understanding gynecological cancer complexity, including immune microenvironments and treatment resistance.
  • These insights pave the way for developing targeted immunotherapies for improved patient outcomes.
  • Further research leveraging single-cell data can enhance precision medicine approaches in gynecological oncology.
Keywords:
NK cellT celldrug resistancegynecological malignanciessingle-cell sequencingtumor heterogeneitytumor microenvironment

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