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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

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Ultrasmall surface functionalized nanoclusters (Ni, Cu and Co) for high performance oxygen evolution catalysis.

Syeda Tabeer Zahra1, Sajid Ullah1, Hemn A H Barzani2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam 45320 Islamabad Pakistan akhtarmunir@qau.edu.pk zrehman@qau.edu.pk.

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Summary

This study developed cost-effective, ultrasmall transition metal nanoclusters for water electrolysis. Nickel nanoclusters (NiNCs) demonstrated superior performance in the oxygen evolution reaction, outperforming benchmark catalysts.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for water electrolysis but suffers from sluggish kinetics, hindering efficient hydrogen production.
  • Nanoscale materials engineering offers enhanced surface area and tunable properties to accelerate the OER process.
  • Developing cost-effective and efficient electrocatalysts is crucial for sustainable hydrogen energy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize thiol-stabilized transition metal ultrasmall nanoclusters (MNCs) as potential OER electrocatalysts.
  • To investigate the size and surface chemistry control of MNCs for optimized catalytic activity.
  • To evaluate the electrochemical performance of Ni, Co, and Cu MNCs for the oxygen evolution reaction.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of transition metal nanoclusters (MNCs) using 1-dodecanethiol and 2-phenylethanethiol.
  • Characterization using UV-visible, FT-IR, EDX, XPS, STEM, and HRTEM techniques.
  • Electrochemical evaluation of OER activity, including onset potential, current density, Tafel slope, and mass activity.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized uniform MNCs (size ≤ 2 nm) with controlled size and surface chemistry.
  • Nickel nanoclusters (NiNCs) exhibited excellent OER performance: low onset potential (~1.46 V vs. RHE), high current density (~125 mA cm⁻² at 1.7 V), and a low Tafel slope (99 mV dec⁻¹).
  • NiNCs outperformed benchmark catalysts RuO₂ and IrO₂, showing superior activity, mass activity (~400 A g⁻¹ at 1.7 V), and stability.

Conclusions:

  • Thiol-stabilized transition metal ultrasmall nanoclusters, particularly NiNCs, are highly effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.
  • The precise control over size and surface chemistry of MNCs is key to enhancing OER kinetics.
  • These findings present a promising pathway for developing advanced, cost-effective electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis.