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A Competency-Based Dental Education Framework for Postgraduate Orthodontic Training: A Comprehensive Review for
Hitesh R Sawant1, Harsh A Mishra1, Parag Gangurde1
1Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND.
Cureus
|July 13, 2026
Summary
This study proposes an integrated competency-based dental education model for orthodontic training, standardizing competencies and assessments to improve program quality and clinical readiness. The model enhances postgraduate orthodontic education through defined outcomes and entrustable professional activities.
Area of Science:
- Dental Education
- Orthodontic Training
- Competency-Based Education
Background:
- Competency-based models are increasingly adopted in health professions education, shifting focus from time-bound training to outcomes.
- Postgraduate orthodontic training requires specialty-specific skills, but program quality and assessment methods show significant variability.
- Existing literature recognizes core competencies for orthodontics, yet a unified framework is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design an integrated competency-based dental education (CBDE) model for postgraduate orthodontic training.
- To correlate competency domains with program outcomes (POs) and course outcomes (COs).
- To integrate entrustable professional activities (EPAs), align assessment strategies, and use curriculum mapping for comprehensive competency attainment.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a narrative literature review focusing on CBDE, orthodontic education, competency frameworks, curriculum design, assessment, and EPAs.
- Identified 10 orthodontic competency areas, 10 POs, and 11 COs from relevant literature.
- Developed 10 essential EPAs for independent orthodontic practice and designed a three-year curriculum based on CBDE principles.
Main Results:
- Identified key orthodontic competencies, program outcomes, and course outcomes.
- Created 10 EPAs to operationalize competencies in clinical settings.
- Developed a three-year curriculum incorporating competency mapping, aligned assessments, and digital technologies.
Conclusions:
- The proposed CBDE model offers a structured framework for postgraduate orthodontic training.
- This model aims to standardize competencies and assessments, improving uniformity and quality in orthodontic education.
- The framework can serve as a reference for international curriculum reform in specialty dental training.
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