Implementation of a Digital SPD Logistics Model in a Stomatology Department: A Quasi-experimental Study

Efficient management of medical consumables is essential for maintaining patient safety, workflow efficiency, and financial sustainability in hospital settings. However, many departments continue to rely on decentralized and paper-based inventory coordination processes that may increase dispensing errors, administrative workload, and inventory costs. This study evaluated the implementation of a hospital-operated Supply-Processing-Distribution (SPD) logistics management model in the Department of Stomatology of a tertiary hospital. A quasi-experimental pre-post design was used, including a 6-month baseline period (January-June 2023) and a 6-month post-implementation period (July-December 2023). The SPD model integrated barcode-enabled smart storage cabinets, standardized consumables master-data management, and bidirectional connectivity with the hospital information system. Primary operational outcomes included delivery error rate, delivery time, staff workload, service satisfaction, and inventory capital occupation. Multivariable regression and interrupted time-series analyses were performed. A total of 31,248 dispensing events were evaluated. Following SPD implementation, delivery error rates decreased from 2.00% to 0.50%, and mean delivery time was reduced significantly. Staff workload decreased, while service satisfaction improved after implementation. Monthly inventory capital occupation also declined substantially, with interrupted time-series analysis demonstrating significant post-implementation changes in level and trend. Implementation of the hospital-operated SPD model was associated with improved operational efficiency, traceability of consumables, workflow standardization, and inventory management within the stomatology department. The findings support the potential value of digitally integrated logistics governance systems for optimizing hospital consumables management and reducing workflow interruptions during routine clinical operations.