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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses, temperature changes,...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...

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Related Experiment Videos

Wearable Technologies for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Monitoring and Risk Prediction: Systematic Review.

Houriyeh Ehtemam1, Simin Salehinejad2, Dan Robbins3

  • 1School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, Chelmsford, United Kingdom.

JMIR Diabetes
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Wearable tech like smart insoles can monitor foot health for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). While promising for early detection, more research is needed to confirm clinical benefits and long-term effectiveness.

Keywords:
DFU preventionInternet of thingsdiabetic foot ulcerfoot monitoringsmart insolewearable technology

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Digital Health
  • Podiatry

Background:

  • Wearable technologies, including smart insoles and sensor-equipped footwear, offer continuous monitoring of critical foot parameters like plantar pressure and temperature.
  • These devices are valuable for individuals at high risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and evaluate the technological characteristics of wearable devices used for monitoring DFU-related parameters.
  • To assess the clinical applications of these wearable technologies in DFU prevention and management.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.
  • Searches were performed across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus) for relevant English and Persian articles.
  • The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018 was used for quality assessment, with data synthesized via descriptive synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria from 1088 identified records.
  • The reviewed wearable devices included smart insoles, socks, and external sensors, primarily measuring plantar pressure and temperature.
  • Participants predominantly had diabetes, with many having a history of neuropathy or prior DFUs.

Conclusions:

  • Wearable technologies demonstrate potential for monitoring DFU risk factors and facilitating early detection.
  • The current evidence is limited by study heterogeneity, small sample sizes, and short follow-up periods.
  • Further high-quality research is essential to validate clinical benefits, long-term outcomes, and the role of these technologies in DFU prevention and patient care.