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Self-Regulated Learning Behavior Clusters Associated With NAPLEX Readiness Exam Performance During Advanced Pharmacy
Helen C Pervanas1, S Mimi Mukherjee1, Matthew Silva1
1Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Worcester/Manchester, MA/NH, USA.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|July 13, 2026
Summary
Bundled self-regulated learning strategies, not isolated study habits, significantly improve performance on National Association of Boards of Pharmacy Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) readiness exams. Academic coaching should focus on integrated approaches for better student preparation.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Education
- Student Learning Strategies
- Licensure Examination Preparation
Background:
- Declining pass rates on the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) are a growing concern.
- Pharmacy programs utilize readiness exams to guide student self-preparation for licensure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between clusters of self-regulated learning behaviors and performance on a NAPLEX readiness examination.
- To assess the impact of these behaviors during Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs).
Main Methods:
- A retrospective observational cohort study surveyed final-year PharmD students.
- Self-regulated learning behaviors were assessed using a modified Self-Regulation Strategy Inventory-Self-Report.
- Associations between behavioral clusters and readiness exam performance were analyzed using correlation and regression models.
Main Results:
- Higher pre-APPE GPA correlated with better readiness exam performance.
- Individual self-regulated learning behaviors like planning and persistence were associated with higher scores.
- Integrated clusters of self-regulated learning behaviors demonstrated stronger associations with exam success than individual strategies.
Conclusions:
- Clusters of self-regulated learning behaviors are more predictive of NAPLEX readiness exam success than isolated study strategies.
- Academic coaching should prioritize teaching bundled self-regulation techniques to enhance licensure readiness.
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