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Development of a Murine Model for Femoral Artery Anastomotic Stenosis
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Published on: April 18, 2025

Experimental model systems to study vascular aging.

Bilge Guvenc Tuna1, Ana Belen Amado Rey2, Josep Julve3

  • 1Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkiye.

Ageing Research Reviews
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This review explores experimental models for vascular aging, crucial for understanding age-related diseases. It covers in vitro and in vivo methods to develop new therapies for improving vascular health.

Keywords:
Agingexperimental modelsin vitro modelsin vivo modelsvascular aging

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Vascular aging drives systemic dysfunction and age-related diseases.
  • It involves structural and functional changes in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and cardiomyocytes.
  • Understanding vascular aging is critical for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental models for studying vascular aging.
  • To highlight methodologies facilitating mechanistic insights and therapeutic development.
  • To identify challenges and guide future research in vascular aging.

Main Methods:

  • Discusses in vitro models: 2D/3D cultures, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cells, spheroids, organoids, and vessel-on-chip platforms.
  • Reviews in vivo models: genetically engineered mice and disease models mimicking human vascular aging.
  • Includes state-of-the-art readouts like flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and pulse wave velocity (PWV).

Main Results:

  • Various in vitro and in vivo models offer mechanistic insights into vascular aging.
  • Advanced platforms like organoids and vessel-on-chip provide more physiological investigations.
  • Established readouts like FMD and PWV are essential for assessing vascular function.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental models are vital for advancing our understanding of vascular aging.
  • Refinement of current models and development of new ones are needed for therapeutic innovation.
  • Bridging the gap between experimental findings and clinical application is essential for tackling age-related vascular diseases.